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Ashok Kumar (cinematographer)
Ashok Kumar Agarwal (died 22 October 2014) was an Indian cinematographer and director who worked mainly in the South Indian film industry. In a career that spanned over four decades, he worked in over 125 feature films in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Hindi languages. Apart from numerous state government awards, he was also a recipient of the National Film Award for Best Cinematography. Kumar also directed six feature films. He was married and had four sons. One of his sons is a cinematographer as well.
==Biography==
Born in Allahabad to Kedarnath Agarwal, a Hindi poet, Kumar was passionate about cinema right from his childhood. His family, not connected to films, was initially not supportive of his decision but eventually agreed imposing that he should go only to Madras rather than Bombay. After obtaining a diploma in photography from the Allahabad University, he went to Madras and joined the Institute of Film Technology, Adyar to do a course in motion photography.〔 At the institute, he watched films from World cinema including that of Satyajit Ray's. After graduating from the institute, he made his debut as a cinematographer in the 1969 Malayalam film ''Janmabhoomi''. The film was made by a group of friends who studied with him at the institute. John Sankaramangalam, his teacher at the institute was its director.〔 Kumar had financially supported the film in its pre-production work and distribution. ''Janmabhoomi'' explored themes including migration and religious co-existence, and won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration at the 16th National Film Awards. Kumar also became the first recipient of the Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography for the film;.〔 Following that, he worked in numerous Malayalam films for directors such as P. N. Menon, Ramu Kariat, and Bharathan. His involvement with the Malayalam film industry in the 1970s, earned him two more Kerala state government awards, in 1973 and 1977 for ''Swapnam'' and ''Taxi Driver'' (Black-and-white) respectively.〔
In 1978, when Tamil film director J. Mahendran was searching for a cinematographer to shoot his directorial debut ''Mullum Malarum'', he approached Malayalam cinematographer Ramachandra Babu. Babu who was busy with his Malayalam films at the time suggested Kumar to Mahendran. However, another cinematographer Balu Mahendra was eventually selected for the film based on actor Kamal Haasan's suggestion to Mahendran. For his second film ''Uthiripookkal'', Mahendran approached Kumar to be the cinematographer as Balu Mahendra was busy directing ''Azhiyadha Kolangal''. Mahendran had watched some of Kumar's films in Malayalam and found some of his angles and lighting techniques to be very interesting.〔 Kumar accepted the offer this time, thus making his Tamil cinema debut.〔 Following the film, Ashok Kumar continued to work in many Tamil films. He became Mahendran's regular cinematographer and worked in 9 of his 12 films. They collaborated in films including: Johnny (1980), ''Nenjathai Killathe'' (1980), Nandu'' (1981), and Metti'' (1982). For his work on ''Nenjathai Killathe'' Kumar garnered "Best Cinematographer" awards at the national, and state level.〔
During the 1980s, Kumar started to work more on commercial films. He cinematographed ''My Dear Kuttichathan'' (1984), India's first 3D film.〔 His Hindi films included ''Kamagni'' (1987), ''Bawandar'' (2000) and ''Kehtaa Hai Dil Baar Baar'' (2002). ''Bawandar'' received international acclaim as it won the "Best Picture" awards in many international film festivals. Kumar also won the V. Shantaram Award for Best Cinematography for the film. He served as jury member of the 43rd National Film Awards.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=43rd National Film Awards )〕 Over his film career, Kumar's assistants included P. S. Nivas, Suhasini Maniratnam and B. R. Vijayalakshmi. Contemporary cinematographers such as Balu Mahendra, P. C. Sreeram, Babu and Venu have also spoken of being inspired by Kumar's work.〔
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